Contemporary film Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contemporary film - Movie Review ExampleThe story centers on the relationships of surface-to-air missile and his fetch George and robin redbreasts second husband and their two slight children. In the beginning, George Monroe and redbreast Kimball had decided to divorce, resulting to Sams struggles when he was a teen-ager. George did not able to get the heart of his son as he lived separately from them. George was residing on the Southern California coast when he was fired on his job owe to his illness. He was diagnosed with a terminal cancer. He stipulated not to disclose his condition to his family, instead spend his remain fourth dimension with his family. For that, he called up his son to live with him for the summer. The two did able to reconnect as a family. However, Robin and her second husband Peter Kimball were not happily living as Peter is unaffectionate to his children and to his wife. Robin realized that she made some unfavorable decisions. Moreover, George did not expect the relationship to go far considering his wellness condition. All he wanted was to do all he wanted to do before time betrays him (Life as a house, 2006).A family genogram is used to trace family patterns. Genogram is illustrated through lines, squares, circles, text, and symbols (Genogram-Make Millenium, 2005 as cited in Shapiro, Kaslow, & Maxfield, 2007, pp. 76-79). exploitation this notion, Life as a House family tree will be illustrated to understand further the relationships of the members of the family from the former(prenominal) and as time goes by. The signs and symbols in the genogram, which are illustrated below, have been adopted to evaluate the relationship patterns of the members of the family. These are the grassroots signs and symbols developed by the GenoPro (Introduction, n.d.).The pattern of relationships is shown above George has close relationships with his son Sam, and his ex-wife Robins two little children. At first, Sam has a hard time

The Novel John Cheever Bullet Park and John Cheever, The Essay

The Novel magic Cheever Bullet Park and John Cheever, The Five-Forty-Eight - Essay Exampleg the ridiculousness of the surroundings and pointlessness of their behaviors and actions, his stories hold out the hope of redemption in love and sense of retaliation and unforgiving attitude Such as in the story Five-forty-Five and his novel The bullet park. John Cheever was a complex person himself and during the course of his life he was saddled by the habit of dipsomania and infidelities but he presented himself so earnestly as a Man in Brooks chum suit, his life was as contradictory as his characters and so his writing is not neat and raises so some questions and answers very less.(The guardian,2009).Cheever rightly described himself near the end of his life, in a serious sentence I am one of those old workforce I am like a voyager who cannot remember the streams he has travelled. (Gottlieb,2002).In the novel The Bullet Park, root portrays an array of well unplowed houses and more th an well mannered people of the town the Bullet Park but Cheevers characters incessantly has a double meaning to them and an unobserving reader might fail to see the crouching beast dangerously hole-and-corner(a) behind those well kept houses. The story unfolds as a fateful intersection of two men the innocent Eliot Nailles and his nemesis, Paul Hammer, whose object is to murder his neighbors son, takes place. The novel has an aura of retribution from the beginning. For example the chosen name calling for the characters are Hammer and Nailles, which show the exact opposite of each other and every quality of malleus is lacked in a nail. It is the first impression of reckless and conflicting situation between the two characters and the author tried to expose their rivalry for each other by his blunt, quite witty and creative writing.(Shannon,1998)Cheevers view of rivalry and revenge is also seen in the description of his characters as the two main characters were exactly opposite o f each other, in short the characters are also in the state of conflict, not average in their

School programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

School programs - Essay ExampleBriefly explain for each one innovation one innovation for Pre-School Programs, one for Elementary School Programs, one for Middle School Programs, troika for High School Programs and four for College Level Programs One innovation for pre-school programs is smaller classes that are based on a permissive model vs. an authoritarian or inoculation based pre-school program. Smaller classes that permit pre-school learners to seek the environment or educational materials as a preparation for attainment can be considered as alternatives to large classes with rote drill learning methods. An example of an innovation in elementary school would be a participative and competitive spelling bee competition in class where all students were required to display and analyze knowledge vs. a rote, repetition and repeat spelling drill led by the teacher and followed by the class in unison. In Middle School, providing students a three hour period of intense channelize in struction in a subject of specialization could be an innovation and reform that is an alternative to the comparatively low amount of instructional time in classes and the worldwide, homogenized nature of reproduction of class lectures and communication channel material. In High Schools, increasing the train and quality of education in public schools is an important innovation, as is increasing the degree of personal and family choice in attending institutions. Making the 10th through twelfth classes a more intensive time of study and preparation for students for future education and career choices is important. increase the student and family participation in school organization and management can lead to more mite of involvement and ownership in institutions. Widening the areas of specialized studies by decreasing class or root word sizes and increasing independent study ad research in subjects also build proficiencies in students. At the College or University level, implement ing the reform of universal, free access to education is the most important and needed goal. That knowledge and learning is restricted by economics or socio-economic resources on a personal or family level leads to a divided society and class structure. Furthering student organization of classes and research would also build inclusion on campus. There are many options to cooperate to save costs in housing, food, books, etc. that are non undertaken because of the profit motive in education. Developing a more collective, self-organized, and non-profit approach to education at the university level is an important part of universal education reform practically. Students should have more freedom in designing their own areas of study, in both specialization and cross-disciplinary studies. Essay 2 - Try to chart the ways in which the American educational system (for publically funded schools) has historically attempted to reach its institutional goals. That means for you to draft the wa ys our society has approached the process of education. Now try to explain how this process is mediated by having to withstand attention on funding issues. The main goal of the American education system has been to provide a free or publicly funded educational opportunity from K-12 for all students or citizens of the country. The combinations of State, Local, and Federal taxes are employ to this purpose. The higher education is based on student born costs that may be defrayed by the difference between public, or State-sponsored and subsidized schools, or private colleges and universities. The ideal of a broad general education as basis of citizenship developed from basic literacy requirements as a foundation for democratic citizenship. Nevertheless, the American system of education also is focused in producing

Database Theory and Design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Database Theory and traffic pattern - Coursework ExampleNormalization is a formal process for deciding which attributes should be grouped together in a relation (Elmasri & Navathe, 1994). It involves decomposing relations with anomalies to produce smaller, well-structured relations.Three problems usually arise in databases where relations are not normalized. First we could have insertion anomaly, this is where adding new rows forces the user to create duplicate data in the database. Secondly we have modification anomaly, i.e. where changing data in a row forces us to assume changes to other rows because of duplication. Finally we have deletion anomaly which substance that when we delete rows we may cause a loss of data that would be needed for other future rows (Connoly & Begg, 2005).First Normal Form (1NF) means that all multi-valued attributes are removed, so that we have a single value at the converging of each row and column of the relation table. Second Normal Form (2NF) me ans we book the swayer for 1NF then we remove all partial functional dependencies. Third Normal Form means we apply the rules for 2NF then we remove all transitive dependencies.ASSIGNMENT client-id, consultant-id, start-date, work-hours, job-code, rate-per-hour is in 2NF (second normal form). This is because rate-per hour is transitively dependant on job-code. Therefore to make ASSIGNMENT into third normal form (3NF) we remove rate-per-hour from its attributes to end up with ASSIGNMENT client-id, consultant-id, start-date, work-hours,

Urinary system Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Urinary organization - Term Paper practice sessionThe urinary system is composed of many sub unit of measurements, which may be better understood by analyse the gross anatomy of the urinary system, the overall function and metabolic importance of the urinary system, and the complex unit formations and regulatory mechanisms that allow the kidney to function.A system is a group of organs, which correspondingly are made up of distinct tissue types. The six primary organs of the urinary system are the twain kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra (Saladin, 2007, p.896). The kidneys are symmetrical and these two organs, lying against the back of the abdominal wall in what is cognize as the dorsal section, are by far the most complex organs of the urinary system (Saladin, 2007, p.897). The kidneys weight about 160 grams in a healthy adult, and are generally about 10 cm long by 5 cm wide by 2.5 cm thick and just about C shaped, as seen in Figure 1 (Saladin, 2007, p.8 98). These organs are ultimately responsible for the authorized job of interacting with the circulatory system to remove harmful wastes from the body and to maintain appropriate water and flavor levels in the blood.The kidney itself is protected by three moulds of connective tissues called the renal fascia, which holds the kidney against the wall of the abdomen, the adipose capsule, a layer of fat that cushions the kidney and protects it from harm during normal movements of the body, and the renal capsule, the innermost layer that wraps the kidney tightly. This layer acts much like advance plastic wrap on perishable food items, protecting it from both trauma and infection from bacterium and other organisms that might cause dangerous infection (Saladin, 2007, p.898).The tissue of the kidney itself is called the parenchyma, which surrounds the renal sinus, or the empty body politic where urine collecting structures, blood, and lymphatic vessels are housed within the kidney. The

HALL v. UNITED STATES ANALYSIS Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HALL v. UNITED STATES ANALYSIS - Case Study ExampleThe contents of the field atomic number 18 of concern to the society and have a number of underlying factors that need elaboration.Lywood and Brenda Hall who were members of the same family did the case filling. The petitioners questioned the mandate of IRS on treating the income they acquired after the barter of their assets as a debt. Earlier on, the petitioners filed a case on bankruptcy as stated by chapter 12 of the state laws and granted sale of their farm spot making a sale of $960,000. This sale exceeded the set value of Halls assets attracting capital gains work ( Carrizales &. Schultz 2010).Chapter 12 mainly deals with issues regarding the farmers sale of assets to avoid bankruptcy declaration of the farmer. The laws simplify the requirements for assets sale in favor of the farmers to clear their debts. Amendment of the law was took place to allow debtors claim the Owings to authorities upon sale or exchange of any fa rm property used in farm operations. The Halls used this law to kick out the arising tax but faced objection from Internal Revenue Service (IRS) who stated that any assets exchange upon filling of a petition on bankruptcy does not qualify discharging under section 1222 (Kent College of honor 2010).The first trial was at Arizona District Federal Bankruptcy motor hotel (Kent College of Law 2010). In its belief, the court agreed with the objection by IRS. The judges said that it was individual liability for taxation on any capital gains insisting that Chapter 12 was not a different taxable body. The petitioners opposed the ruling and therefore, they appealed to U.S District of Arizona Court. The appeal court reasoned that the intention of Chapter 12 was to protect families from government taxation. The government finally appealed to U.S Court of appeal (Kent College of Law 2010). A ruling similar to the Federal Bankruptcy Court read stating that the Chapter did not authorize for a different taxable entity. The Halls

Consumer Behavior as a Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Consumer expression as a Process - Essay ExampleThis paper tells that marketing stimuli are initiated by businesses or companies, and environmental stimuli are provided by social f routineors according to political, cultural and economic aspects of the society. The black box of the emptor has characteristics and decision process that influence the buyers response in the market. Black box instance illustrates the response of the buyer in a conscious decision process, where the buyer identifies the business (Kuester, 117). After problem recognition, search for product or service training is started. Consumers engage in internal and external information search. Information sources are a personal experience, public sources, and commercial sources. This stage provides promotional strategies to businesses and illustrates the most sound information source for the brand. Analyzing alternatives entails comparison of products or brand in the market. The evoked set illustrates the alternat ives considered during problem-solving (Kuester 89). Consumers evaluate options or alternatives based on psychological and functional importance they offer. Marketing organizations must understand the benefits consumers require. The customer makes a purchase decision after carefully evaluating the strategies (Kuester 74). Marketing organization must enable the customer to act according to their purchase intention, through sales promotion. Post-purchase is also significant to organizations. This is because it influences the purchasing patterns in the future.

Whether Red Bull should invest in the Formula 1 Racing Championship Thesis

Whether fierce manipulate should invest in the normal 1 Racing Championship abutting year or not - Thesis ExampleThe categorisation of the drink as an energizer holds anchor in the Thailand culture where the same is known as red Water Buffalo. boost the make gains a larger market space owing to the use of strategic marketing activities incorporating the creation of bombilate words and excessively through the sponsorship activities for complete debauched events. The target segments for the brand consist of groups like students and athletes and also bars focusing on energy drinks. The sponsorship activity carried out by Red Bull for extreme sporting events helps the company in building a separate image of itself in the global drinks and potable market. An estimate made during 2004 reveals that around $600 million have been spent by the company on sponsorship events involving Formula One racing events, sponsoring athletes or other musical and cultural functions. A comparison made with coca Cola shows that where Coca Cola expended around 9 percent of its marketing revenues on sponsorship events, Red Bull happened to expend around 30 percent. (Roll, 2006, p.199). Another estimate obtained during the 2001 layover shows that this sponsorship activity of Red Bull in extreme sporting events helped the same to conduct a trade of around 1.6 billion cans worldwide. This figure when compared to the 2000 period reflects a rise in around 80 percent in the companys sale paradigm (Gelder, 2005, p.248). ... This figure when compared to the 2000 period reflects a rise in around 80 percent in the companys sale paradigm (Gelder, 2005, p.248). The paper in this connection aims to conduct a query on whether Red Bull should continue investing in the Formula One events by reflecting on the probable advantages or opportunities that it can gain through such activities. Aims and Objectives Aims The main aim of the project is to gauge the future of investing activities of Red Bull in the large scale sponsorship activities pertaining to extreme sporting events. In that it focuses to understand the potential of previous investment made by the company in this area and the advantages and opportunities gained on that behalf. The project also aims to compare the sponsorship activities of Red Bull to the activities of other companies also investing in sponsorship activities. Further the project also aims to understand the factors and situations evaluated by Red Bull before rendering potential investments in such directions. Objectives To understand the different marketing strategies of Red Bull To understand the reasons as to why Red Bull invests in Formula One championship events To evaluate the expenses or the cost the company incurs piece of tail making such potential investments and the revenues that the firm tends to gain on that behalf To evaluate the future considerations as to whether Red Bull should continue investing in the sponsorship activities for Formula One championship for the 2011 period keeping in view the expenditure and the opportunity scenario for the 2010 period To compare the investment activities of the company in the extreme sporting events by drawing in examples

Shear Testing in Made Ground Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Shear sieveing in do Ground - prove Exampleotechnicians and construction firms to determine the usability of do Ground through the estimation of its strength and necessary properties (Bouazza et al., 1997). Made ground can be easily found all around us they could be in the form of sandy, silt, clay and loamy soil (Bouazza et al., 1997). Shear Testing is a standardized laboratory analyse that has been used to detect the mechanical properties of Made ground, most especially its tensile strength (Woodward, 2005). Such a test is helpful in determining the usability of the ground and outlining the soils harmful contents that may make construction works on the ground impossible. In this case, serious consideration is given to the environmental impact of soil properties how does the environment is affected by the constituents of a soil? Are there close to harmful objects in the soil, for instance in brownfield and other abandoned property? (Geltman, 2000).Shear Testing of Made Groun d can be simply carried out by using the Direct Shear Test (Das, 2008). Information about the standard reference, test expectations, equipment, test procedures, test data and analysis are provided as followsBeing the commonest method of discovering the tensile strength of soils, Direct Shear Test could help to estimate the weight down of internal friction (Hillel, 1998). When plotting the shear stress against the horizontal displacement, the maximum, shear stress can be obtained. Therefore, later carrying out several just-confining stresses, it is possible to plot the maximum shear stress against the vertical confining stresses for distributively of the tests produced. Then a straight-line approximation of Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope curve could be drawn (Parry, 1995). And the shear strength of the soils under investigation could be estimated using the formula belowix. I started the motor with chosen run so that the rate of shearing is at a selected constant rate, and take th e horizontal displacement gauge, vertical displacement gauge

Cores of Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cores of world - Essay ExampleThis essay examines the relevance of the tenderness ideas of Realism in a contemporary world. It explores the roots of the theory, from Machiavelli, Hobbes and Rousseau to Morgenthau, Beitz and Doyle. The core assumptions are that arouses are inherently self-importance interested, unitary performanceors performing on an anarchic global stage.It looks at modern problems of Realism presented by a re-emergence of liberalism, the emergence of globalisation and its apparent incompatibility with democracy. Realism is a term we commonly use to do a motivation for behaving in accordance with truths and facts which exist independently of sentiment, emotive persuasions or overtly ideological tendencies. Within politics and more specifically, international relations, Realism has come to mean to mean a rejection of moral or ethical concerns in favour of a more pragmatic approach to policy and diplomacy. Realism places emphasis on the national security of a c onjure rather than focusing on the use of moral concepts such as justice. Are these ideas still relevant in todays society or is thither significant evidence to suggest states are primarily motivated by concepts of what is right, rather than what is necessary These issues lead be explored throughout this essay, beginning with an investigation into the history of Realism. The roots of Realism can be traced dressing centuries to Machiavelli (1513) and Hobbes (1651). Both have had and continue to have a major influence on the shaping of political theory, particularly with their most celebrated works, The Prince and Leviathan. The latter claims that in the nature of man, we find three principle causes of quarrel. First, rival secondly, diffidence thirdly, glory. The first, maketh men invade for gain the second for safety and the third, for reputation (Hobbes 1651/1996, p. 83). Because of Mans natural tendency to be driven by competition and aggression, he will find himself in a perp etual state of war. Though the implementation of a sovereign will, in some way, offer salvation from the immediate state of war between individuals, it will not prevent conflict between states, which have their own interests to protect. It is hence the office of the sovereign for which he was trusted with the sovereign power, namely the procuration of the safety of the people to which he is compel by the law of nature. (Hobbes 1651/1996, p.175). This overriding aim of national security takes precedence over the individual concerns of those within the state. Indeed, Hobbes argues that the sovereign can be no injury to any of his subjects (p.117) which essentially gives the sovereign carte blanche to act upon their own decision without appeal to the general public. In particular, is annexed to the sovereign the right of making war, and peace with otherwise nations and commonwealths. (Hobbes 1651/1996 p.119). Machiavelli takes a similar and arguably, more radical view with regards t o the implementation of policy (1513/1999). The thrust of his book, The Prince is in how to conserve the most powerful state. His view of man is that they are ungrateful, fickle, liars and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for good while you treat them well, they are yours (Machiavelli 1513/1999, p. 54). The thrust of the book is in how to maintain the most powerful state. It offers an too soon form of utilitarianism, which is an important aspect within the core ideas of Realism. He argues that,By making an example or two he will prove more compassionate than those who, being too compassionate allow disorders while lead to murder and rapine. These nearly

ADHA with young and adult. discussion 3 Coursework

ADHA with young and adult. discussion 3 - Course influence Exampleion, research indicates that children who run with sermon into adulthood have better outcomes than those who stop intervention measures at childhood. It is difficult to prophesy long-term outcomes for young children undergoing intervention, and for that reason, there is a need to focus on strategies that are help young children pass across into adulthood.For adults, recent reports of misbehavior and transgression are being reported. Adults offer a range of intellectual abilities, which practically depends on their kind setting (Martin, 2005). The same way that lack of intervention measures affect the education and social relationships of young children, is the same way that adults expose themselves to problems at work and management of families. Adults with ADHD who failed to receive treatment as young children remember similar problems during their childhood. Attention focuses on adults with ADHD because it is extraordinarily challenging to predict the long-term benefits of treatments (Friend, 2004), and for this reason, the need for a long-term perception on treatment. The need for separate intervention measures for adults, concerning changes in social lifestyle, call for the focus on ADHD in adults (Martin, 2005).In my opinion, intervention measures must be mindful of the need to change intervention measures as a young child transits to adolescence, and finally to adulthood. Students at a young age have fewer academic and social demands as compared to adolescents and adults. In the main, this representation that although an intervention measure maybe effective for a child, the same intervention may fail to work for an adolescent who encounters a different social environment from that of a child or an adult. If the transition does non happen appropriately, young children and adults may lose the benefits they gained during early childhood intervention measures. This is detrimental to an adults development as they may face such challenges as the inability to maintain

Chromosomal Instability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Chromosomal Instability - Essay Exampledue to the aberrations in the genomes, there is chromosomal instability leading to aneuploidy, i.e, an imbalance in the chromosomes results, so that the possibility for cancerous growths is increased.(Pollack, 2006). In a brief article, Pollack (2006) has summarized the findings of a study of aneuploidy that was taken up recently, where a gene expression was identified as a possible identifying symptom of chromosomal instability. In their study of chromosomal instability, the authors identified 25 genes that could call up the clinical outcome for six different types of cancer.Maintaining the chromosomal integrity of a cell is a change process because DNA regulation in the cell must be precisely regulated, while shamed DNA must be recognized and repaired quickly. Shima et al (2007) conducted earlier studies where they identified a Chaos3 mutation in mice that causes spontaneous chromosomal aberrations. In the instant study, they report that t his chromosomal instability, which was isolated in a before genetic screen, is a viable allele of Mcm4 (michromosome maintenance deficient 4 homolog). This allele is a agent of the MCM2-7 complex, which is the replication licensing factor.Shima et al (2007) conducted their study on female mice and found that mutant embryonic fibroblasts in these mice were nonresistant to chromosomal instability induced by inhibition of DNA replication. 80% of the subjects of the study succumbed to mammary carcinomas. The findings in this study suggest that the hyphomorphic alleles such as mcm4 of the genes that encode the subunits of the MCM2-7 complex may cause an increase in the risk of breast cancer.Another causal element identified in chromosomal instability is the mSds3 chromatin regulator, which is a key component of the mSin3 compressor complex that regulates target gene expression through chromatin modification.(David et al, 2006). In their study, David et al (2006) carried out their stu dy using mice assessed whether the

Reading paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reading paper - Essay ExampleHowever, most wo hands find it hard to support weight, and if they lose the weight, they find it extremely hard to maintain a low weight. Poor feeding habits in the main causes this. However, this excessively applies to men. Most men struggle to keep their weight under check while aiming to be more masculine. However, some men find it comfortable having much weight and associate weight with wealth. This is more often than not in societies where most wealthy people tend to be big compared to the poor people. Weight is also connected to health with people with much weight being considered puffy. Too much weight is unhealthy and should be avoided at all cost. Obesity, which is a case of similarly much weight, makes the affected feel aside of place and lowers their self- esteem. Children too are affected by weight issues. Parents have a responsibility to pick up that their children are of the appropriate weight by checking their diets. However, most p eople struggle with weight issues, especially the new(a) people because of the current eating habits. Most people feed on fast food and this is manifest by the number of people in a fast food hotel at any clock in towns. The current working trends promote the unhealthy diets since people have limited time to desexualise meals. During weekends and holidays, there are people who party most of the time and consume much unhealthy food. This too promotes weight gain. The problem of weight deviation is affecting a high proportion of the worlds population, people are looking for ways out to reduce and maintain weight. This makes such an article key to read and gain more information about weight loss, since it affects not only adult men and women, but also children. Every day, people are on the lookout for new ways to ontogeny fat burning and reduce weight. The increased concern on weight and the search for weight loss techniques have attracted my interest and made me choose this

Analysis Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis cut across - Assignment ExampleBoth the staffs and students of any institution seem to neglect the importance of internet in their lives and studies and official works are carried out by the means of paper work. However after the instauration of internet, many schools/colleges have switched to an automated environment, still its necessary on the parts of the students to know why internet seems to be so vital. Thus the students will be assigned with the undertaking of data assembly by the application of internet and this could be done by involving them in a group be sick where the objective would be to gather data about the usage of internet in heterogeneous regions indoors their locality. Each group would be assigned with one region of their choice where they would have to present data on the following-The objective of the task is to make the students realize the capabilities of internet and implement the same in their throw out academic projects. The instructional issues would also get resolved once they get familiarized with the internet and its utilities.The task would be conducted in an environment comprising both the classroom activities and the field job. The field job would include see the households or the corporate houses for deriving more reliable data and then properly tabulate the data so that it becomes easier for the evaluator to understand the study. They cornerstone also collect the data via some sites that offer trends and statistics colligate to internet usage (Internet World Stats, 2013). The class activity would include analyzing the data collected through various statistical tools and representing those in a simple manner.Internet is regarded by most of people belonging to the younger generation, as a channel for entertainment. However, Internet also serve various purpose like it can offer an individual a chance to explore what is going on in the entire orbit just staying at the comfort of their home.

Explain the major theoretical approach to infantchild development & Essay

Explain the major hypothetical approach to infant nipper ripening & Analyse the psychosexual stage theory of infantchild development - Essay ExampleF Skinner. The theory believes that behavioural development happens through classical and operative conditioning and stresses the role of nurture. There is a strong relation between stimuli and behavioural response. In this case development is seen as a incessant process where learnt responses keep accumulating and new ones increase with age. Several studies were conducted to reinforce the theory that responses in behaviour atomic number 18 a result of external stimuli and that the external factors are much important as compared to internal factors. To hold an example, John Watson experimented with an infants responses to a rat and stimuli coupled with it. The infant was not afraid of the rat. However, he developed guardianship of the rat after a series of sharp sounds were made whenever the rat was shown. Behaviourists conclude t hat environment is more influential in shaping behaviour. Also, behaviours can be modified using external stimuli (Berk, 1996).Watsons theory of behaviourism brought about interest of many psychologists and birth of related theories like Clark Hulls drive reduction theory and Skinners operant conditioning theory. Following these also emerged the social learning theories, which had a strong influence in child development research during 1950s. These theorists believed that role modelling and observational learning strongly influence social development and behaviour. One of the most powerful theories was developed by Albert Bandura. He and his colleagues stressed the role of selective impersonation which affects their learning. He added the role of childrens thought process to the original theory of behaviour which stressed only on stimuli and response (Berk, 1996).. Despite their limitations, the behaviourism and social learning theories had a significant impact on apply work with children. Based on these, techniques have been developed to socialize children into appropriate behaviours and get rid of conflicting behaviours (Berk, 1996). Psychodynamic TheoryIn context of psychodynamic theories, famous psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud and his theory of psychoanalysis come to mind. Psychodynamics refers to theories of Freud, his followers or theories ground on his ideas. Anna Freud, Alfred Adler Carl Jung and Erik Erickson are some of the most popular contributors from the field of psychodynamics. The theories are have been derived from sessions with patients, case studies and intake of projective techniques to understand the workings of human mind. Psychodynamics strives to make connections between thoughts, motives, subconscious mind and how people perceive the world. The native focus in psychodynamics is the interrelation between emotional states of id, ego, and superego and their impact on former(a) developments and processes. Psychodynamics also believes tha t early experiences are conserved in the unconscious mind. Later in life, these conserved experiences, thoughts and emotions either remain inhumed in the unconscious or find way to the conscious mind. These buried experiences are at times the cause of mental disturbances. Various psychodynamic

-Cell phone usages and Radiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

-Cell recollect usages and Radiation - Essay ExampleThe engineering science of cell earpiece has eliminated the factor of geographical distances and made the full general population more socially connected. The acceptance rate of the cell phone technology can be realized by the fact that from the year 1990 up till 2011, the worldwide cell phone subscriptions increase from 12.4 million to over 6 billion, penetrating nearly 87% of the world population (MobiThinking).Cell phone technology may not be all that safe. Amidst the life of convenience offered by cell phones, the potential threat the cell phone technology may have to the health of humans can go through ignored. On October 19, 2012, the Supreme Court in Rome (Italy) gave a ruling wherein a causal physical contact was found to exist between the mobile phone and the illness of an Italian Companys director Innocente Marcolini, 60 (Routers, 2012). Marcolini was diagnosed to have developed a tumor (neurinoma affecting a cran ial nerve) on the emplacement of the head that he held his mobile phone to for 5-6 hours a day for 12 years.Cell phone technology works by emitting radiations. Whether these radiations are harmful to human health or not is a regard that has been pursued by many medical and environment bodies. This paper presents an overview of the radiations emitted by the cell phones and the safety standards stupefy by the agencies. The possible impact on these radiations on human health and some safety tips to rescind the possible threats are also presented in the paper.Cell phones use a type of electromagnetic life force called radiofrequency (or simply RF) zip for communication. RF are the radio waves and microwaves. On the electromagnetic spectrum (shown in Figure 1), where the energy ranges from ones that have extremely low frequencies with long wavelengths to those that have extremely high frequencies with short wavelengths, the radio waves and microwaves guile between the two extremes . In the RF region, the frequencies are in the range of 3KHz to 300GHz.

Peasants DBQ Essay Example for Free

Peasants DBQ EssayThis fight off lasted from 1524 till 1526, it began in the German states, and the main reason for the revolt was new Lutheran ideas that were beginning to go against the traditional Catholicism ideas.Documents 1,4 and 5 give insight on the views those who were on the nobility side, Documents 2 and 3 give more unique(predicate) details over the views of peasants and finally for Documents 7,8 and 12 explain how the mainly how the revolt didnt have much moment behind it.Documents 1, 4, and 5 explained the point of view of the nobility which mostly all of the nobility agreed it was negative. In Document 1the Chancellor of Bavaria wrote how he believed that the revolt was simply the belief of the time and thats why so umteen peasants were following the same belief. Yet the chancellor doesnt realize the side of the peasant who strive for a better life for themselves, they simply want to have more rights for the individuality. In document 4 it explains how they h ave non reach any religious achievements, so for their freedom they must give a large follow of money to buy their freedom. As for document 5 a pope explains how the peasants are more wish salvages and act very ruthless during their revolt. All 3 of these documents are more than likely extremely bias since the nobility only wanted to better themselves and nobody else.Document 2 and 3 explained how the peasants felt during the revolt which they unlike the nobility believed their actions were going to a positive cause. In document 2 a local anaesthetic craftsperson explain how the lords been cruel to all peasants. He is stating the lords and nobles should offer payment for their services not simply army them to do task like slaves. This relates to Luthers knowledge and ideas instead peasants apply it not only to the church save outside of the church. In document 3 they explain the wrong doing of the lord by controlling peasant, they hold on into saying that the rulers set by g od would be the only one peasants would follow, but that they should still be set free and not be under so many restrictions. Both sides will not be entirely correct since they both strive to better themselves,which of course they would maintain bias to their sides.Documents 7, 8, and 12 explain the negative side of the revolt from a 3rd person point of view. Document 7 comes from Martin Luther saying how the revolt from the peasants contradicts what they said he goes on explaining that their actions are under the devils order. Although the actions they may have taken wasnt the best response they did fight for what they believed in and all throughout history this has occurred many times fight for what you think is right. Document 8 explains how if they all are brothers then the rich should share their wealth with the peasants, all the same many would have trouble with this, because the one persons wealth is every wealthy person wealth. Document 12 explains how the peasants forgot their place in the revolt, how they do not have the power to de3ciede for themselves. It truly shows how the peasants have absolutely no word in their treatment.

Santa Ana Winds Essay Example for Free

Santa Ana Winds EssayWeather can affect peoples behavior, positively and negatively. When the defy is nice and furious, it affects people positively by encouraging them to enjoy the revealdoors, however, when the weather is bad, like when a hurricane hits this cause people negatively by worrying. Similarly, in the essay Santa Ana Winds, by Joan Dideon, the winds argon so abrasive and obstructive that it engenders people to actually commit suicide. This occurs in Los Angeles.Even though Dideon provides a scientific explanation for the soft winds, she characterise hem as evil by showing their effects on people and on the surroundings. Dideon characterizes and demonstrates the winds as evil. She explains that the winds have an effect on people, making them act unusual. Indians would discard themselves into the sea when the bad wind blew Dideon is describing how the winds would permit people to actually commit suicide.The winds would create such a violent disturbance that tow nsmen would not even want to deal with such a thing, they would just overcome themselves. The horrifying winds would also create paranoia in people. Her husband roamed the place with a machete This man plan there were trespassers and rattlesnakes roaming his yard. His obvious beliefs were due to scargon. Dideon not only demonstrates the wind having an effect on people, but also the environment. Having a harsh effect on the hills and Route 66. A hot wind from the northeast whining implement through the Cajon and San Gorgonio Passes, blowing up sandstorms out along route 66, drying the hills Here, Dideon is explaining how the winds create sandstorms along route 66 and the hills are drying up. This not only affects the hills and highways, but in the long run bequeath effect global warming, and drying out farms and hills will eventually create a drought. This leads to many other effects on the environment. The Santa Ana Winds effect the environment in more than one way. For a few d ays now, we will see smoke plump for in the canyons.Dideon is signifying wildfires occurring on the canyons. With this wildfire, not only will this wildfire burn down trees, but will also spread around disease. The Santa Ana Winds have many effects on the environment and people, when it is a nice, hot and a sunny day, people become encouraged to get out and spend time with their family. However, when a hurricane blows in, it creates many disturbing things, such as paranoia, droughts and wildfires. It is important to be alert and recognize the warning signs of nasty things yet to come. Otherwise, anyone can get trapped in the middle of a storm.

Time Warner Beta Essay Example for Free

prison term Warner important EssayIntroduction Definition of important important, which is represented by the Greek symbol, is also denoted as the Beta Coefficient and is identified as the slope of the one-dimensional regression of the portfolio in which within a specific time period or point served as benchmark. (Risk Management,) Beta is the assessment of the market adventure or volatility of the stock. With this, it may help investors to make the right decisions when spend stocks because of some fluctuations in price of the stocks. (Beta Gauging Price Fluctuations, July 29, 2005)Volatility which is the measure of the uncertainty or risks accompanied in investing due to fluctuation of the prices is determined its relativity by approximating its Beta. Volatility is associated with gages repute which means that when the investment is said to having a higher volatility, there is a bigger potential of gages value for expansion over a larger range. Thus implying that wi thin a shorter period of time, price of the security can vary significantly. On the contrary, a lower volatility insinuates that the fluctuation in securitys value is unnoticeable however there are small alterations of the value within a stable range of time. (Volatility,)With that, Beta being the measurement of volatility, it offers meaningful significance to the market risk compared to the greater market. Furtherto a greater extent, Beta is used for comparison along with the other stock, estimating the overall volatility of the return of the security in contradiction of the return in the market.Computation of Beta In investment and finance, Beta is the connective or the coefficient of a portfolio or an individual stock in contrast to the market all together. So as to compute for the beta, the regression analysis is used. The Beta of an asset is calculated using the formulawhere in,ra is the gauge of yield profit of the asset andrp is the evaluation of the calculate of the yield profit of the portfolio of which the asset is a component. (Beta Coefficient,)Furthermore, the cost equity of a company can be projected using the Capital plus Pricing Model in which the transaction of equity beta of the company and again, equity beta is the operation of both the weight and asset risk. This is calculated using the formulawhere in,KE is the cost of equity of the company,RF is the rate of return on a risk free investment also known as the unhazardous rate,RM is the market portfolio return, andE is the equity beta which is computedwhich is derived from this formula ,and the formula of a whole Value (V) Firm Value (V) = Debt Value (D) + Equity Value (E)(Beta Coefficient,) Applying this entire concept in chosen business which is the measure Warner, the worlds largest media company, had beta of greater than 1 which indicates that the price of security will be more volatile than the market. This means that the investors accept the additional risk accompanied to attain the possibility of more rewards. The cartridge holder Warner had a fixed exchange rate during their merger with the AOL. The conditions contain include the 1.5 shares of AOL Time Warner would be apt(p) to the Time Warner for each share their stock and America Online shareholders will get one share of AOL Time Warner stock for every share of stocks that the America Online owns.(Dignan, 10 Jan 2000 ) Using the Charts in Beta, investors could observe the fluctuations and changes in the charts, its opening, closing prices and the high and low points in a specific period of time (Time Warner Inc.,).ReferencesBeta Coefficient Electronic Version. Retrieved whitethorn 23, 2007 from http//www.answers.com/Beta.Beta Gauging Price Fluctuations Electronic (July 29, 2005). Version. Retrieved May 23, 2007 from http//www.investopedia.com/articles/01/102401.asp.Dignan, L. (10 Jan 2000 ). AOL, Time Warner tout broadband future, synergy Electronic Version. Retrieved May 23, 2007 from http//news.zd net.co.uk/itmanagement/0,1000000308,2076198,00.htm.Risk Management Electronic Version. Retrieved May 22, 2007 from http//www.tradetrek.com/Education/risk_management.asp.Time Warner Inc. Electronic Version. Retrieved May 24, 2007 from http//finance.yahoo.com/chartschart1symbol=twxrange=1dindicator=volumecharttype=linecrosshair=onlogscale=onsource=undefined.Volatility Electronic Version. Retrieved May 23, 2007 from http//www.answers.com/volatility.

Balancing Family & Work Life Essay Example for Free

Balancing Family Work Life renderI. IntroductionA. Thesis StatementAttending school as an adult, and maintaining a source of employment underside be a daunting task, as many adults who had to delay their college education must know. One of the most challenging aspects of adult life consists of learning how to adjust accordingly to the rigors of life at scale as well as the featplace. Failure to do so mint lead to a life of pure(a) disarray, stress, illness and exhaustion. II. Body Paragraph 1 division Sentence 1Traditionally the typical epoch group for freshmen in college was between 18 to 19 years of age. That reality has slowly changed as much than young adults atomic number 18 finding their way back in the classroom, plot of land holding down a job. The information I found in P.14 of the ebrary watchword Families and Work New Directions in the Twenty-First Century, by Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen I. states Of the more than 69 million American parents with children under the age of 18 (Famighetti, 1998), almost 90 pct are employed (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1998). At the same judgment of conviction, there are overworking professionals attempting to achieve a college education in order to refine their skills, or to gain new ones. Among those working adults, young couples typically tend to overhear a harder cadence with managing the broad aspects of life, especially those who are in the early stages of their relationship, which has the potence to result in a lot of growing pains.A. sustenance evidenceThe information found in an article from the pursual website http//pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-2421/T-2233web.pdf states Family and work settings keep back a built-in potential for conflict. Adults may discombobulate overwhelmed with the unreasonable demands that are required of them from either end of the spectrum, leaving them with the feeling of having very little cadence to accomplish those tasks. Finding a ba lance between work and radix involves finding ways of accomplishing the tasks at home as well as duties at work. Those responsibilities are often shared among couples in a healthy relationship. The equality of the shared housechores, however, is up or debate. It has long been stated that the task of maintaining the home primarily fell on the womans shoulders, while the man focuses mainly on duties in the workplace. For just about married couples, trying to get their husband to help with the housework typically led to domestic help disputes.In recent years however, men have been getting more involved with parenting than ever before. A passage from (Giraffe 2011) states The recession of 2008 contributed to this arrangement be drive increased unemployment left more fathers available to care for their children and the reduced family income do outside childcare service unaffordable. The traditional view of the American household should change because of an increase in the number of two-parent families entering the labor force. One of the primary services built around that change in society is the daycare system. Many of those two-parent families, as well as single parents may not have direct support from their families to take care of the children while theyre away at work. While rough of the household work, such as childcare and housekeeping, has transitioned to outside providers, many working mothers cannot afford to employ these services (Giraffe, 2011). Unfortunately a big portion of their income goes to high daycare fees.III. Body Paragraph 2 Topic Sentence 2When the constants demands of life are far too much to bear, employees tend to feel the necessitate to escape, and seek an alternate reality. We must look at the adverse effects that those long work hours have on the human body. Overworked individuals can suffer from work related illnesses as a result of excessive stress. Work related stress can result from extended hours due to mandatory overtime in some case. An employers rigid work hours which can prevent employees from tending to occasional issues at home can also be blamed for stress on the job. Employees suffering the effects of stress in the workplace tend to have bouts of absenteeism.A. Supporting evidenceAbsenteeism in the workplace is a major issue, with real(a) and intangible costs. Although the absentee loses wages in the process, the major loss is at the expense of the employer. The ebrary book by LynnTylczak, (Attacking absenteeism 1990), describes the intangible costs of absenteeism as follows Absentee costs are difficult to quantify. Experts estimate direct wage loses of more than $30 billion per year, and thats just the beginning. Employers also need to consider the costs of supplementary or backup thespians. These costs include Regular wages, overtime wages, and company benefits Supplementary benefits, such as Social Security, workers compensation, and unemployment compensation Administration of recruitm ent, selection orientation, and training Penalty costs resulting from delays.The author (Lynn T. 1990) also gives the following ex formulateation from the tangible cost of absenteeism It forces managers to deal with problems of morale, discipline, job dissatisfaction, job stress, team spirit, productivity, turnover, production quality, additional arrangement and overhead. Many employers have become more cognizant of the disastrous effects of having stressful employees in the workplace. This is not only calculated in monetary losses based on productivity, but also in the valuable asset (the employee) which could potentially offset those losses. IV. Body Paragraph 3 Topic time 3Those who value their time with their families certainly appreciate the value of being away from work. This is particularly why a lot of us look forward to our vacation time. It us the opportunity to recharge our batteries and gives us the endurance to return to our regular lives. Many employers have adapte d to the changes in society by implementing new ways for employees to earn vacation time from work.A. Supporting evidenceWhile some of us are cosy being working stiffs, most people would rather look forward to their time away from work. An ebrary book by ANDERSON, NELS titled Work and Leisure states Although leisure reflects and supplements work, it is also used as a anesthetize from work. Some are of the view that unless a man has worked he cannot really enjoy leisure. They hold that while a man is working to earn a wage or salary, he also earns leisure. It is dead true that in order to fully enjoy our vacation time, we must work hard for it. That time of leisure can then be considered our reward for achieving the demands required of us in the workplace. Those who properly plan their vacation can benefit from sightsrarely seen in everyday life. Most people find it more beneficial to take their vacation in some exotic location. The topic on how to enjoy a proper vacation will var y from one employee to the next.V. Body Paragraph 4 Topic sentence 4Employers have devised lots of ways to keep valuable talent within their workforce, while allowing them time to accomplish their house work. Those arrangements can be profitable to the employer as well as the employee in some cases. Some of the sensible ways employers provide to employees are flextime, teleworking, and employee incentive just to name a few.A. Supporting evidenceFlextime is highly valuable to employees because it allows them to have more control over the balancing act of work and home life. It also provides them the option of choosing when to complete their work. Flextime allows employees to handle personal business such as animate appointments or school functions without having to take sick leave or vacation time. Employers personnel needs are met and they get employees at their best. In highly skilled positions where competition for employees is fierce and employee turnover costly, flexible sched ules can also reduce attrition by making employees more content with their jobs (Giraffe, 2011).Teleworking provides some well-fixed employees the opportunity to work remotely. With this system employees can either work from home or in some shared work spaces. In most cases employees would prefer to work from home because it is the ideal place to work from. This reduces the work commute, and the amount stress to the employee. It takes an especially disciplined employee to work from home, because of the constant distractions from home can cause the employees work performance to suffer. Employers must be careful when considering the type of employees they provide that opportunity to. through teleworking, some employees do get to achieve balance between family and work life.

First Eclogue of Vrigil Essay Example for Free

First Eclogue of Vrigil EssayThe starting time eclogue was written between 42 and 39 B.C.E. Two of the eclogues which are the 1 and 9 buy the farm to the pastoral poetry. This eclogue is a 12 verses dialogue between 2 herdsmen Meliboeus and Tityrus. The first eclogue is found on a personal experience. Virgil and his family had been evicted and this memory appears in the nature of Meliboeus. But the family got their rights back because of Octavianus and the personality of Tityrus reflects Virgils gratefulness.1st stanza(Meliboeus)* it is a complaint* he called himself a kind of exile* he knew that his fortune is worsened than Tityruss* he had to take off his sweet champaigns2nd stanza(Tityrus)* the God is the one who can attend to* he helped him too3rd stanza(Meliboeus)* Meliboeus is not jealous of Tityrus* he started to complain about his past* he asked a question about the God who was mentioned by Tityrus 4th stanza(Tityrus)* he praised Rome with the cypress-comparison* Rome is the queer of cities for him5th stanza(Meliboeus)* this is a question* why Tityrus wanted to go Rome6th stanza(Tityrus)* freedom is an weighty thing for Tityrus* he wasnt free with Galatea* Galatea is a mythological person who symbolises the social problems * in the mythology she was in love and she was killed by a jealous women. * Amaryllis symbolises the present who is his new love7th stanza(Meliboeus)* he refers to Tityruss happy life8th stanza(Tityrus)* maybe he mentioned the God who helped him9th stanza(Meliboeus)* he said that Tityrus kept his field* it refers to Tityruss loyalty about his home* In spite of the social problems he didnt leave his homeland 10th stanza(Tityrus)* he would never leave his home11th stanza(Meliboeus)* Meliboeus wanted to find a new home12th stanza(Tityrus)* Tityrus offers food and place to sleep to MeliboeusTo sum up Tityrus s personality reflects the loyalty about his homeland. He tries to convince Meliboeous of this loyalty because he cant ignore the problems of their home.

European Political Change Essay Example for Free

atomic number 63an semipolitical Change EssayThe 15th speed of light was beginning of Renaissance giving rise to many changes in the political and economic scene of europium. Mattero Palmeiri wrote in 1430s, now indeed may every thoughtful invigorate thank god that it has been permitted to him to be born in a new grow. The Renaissance was godlike by study of Greek and Latin text and the admiration of Roman and Greek era. The classical examples of this age can be seen in the works of Leonardo da Vinci. On political scene opposition was the driving force of the age which can be clearly observed in Machiavellis political paper The Prince.The influence of Protestants was growing due to the corruption of Church giving rise to many powerful kings and princes in Europe. Some of the famous political figures of the age include King Henry VIII. One of the important developments in the early 17th century was the pan-European sentiment. Emeric Cruce in 1623 proposed the idea of Eur opean council to end wars and create lasting peace. in all European countries except Ottoman and Russian Empire did not agree to it. Both of them were considered outsiders in Europe however the idea of unity remained shattered for many centuries to come.The next centuries (15th to 17th) saw many wars among European powers coupled with extensive conquest of colonies in Asia and Africa. Portugal led the way for colonial expansion followed by Spain and France to have colonies in Africa and Asia. The Britain took control of whole of Australia, New Zealand, India and parts of Africa and North Americawhile China was lost. Europe during this time was going through internal crisis and conflicts. Germany in the early 16th century was divided into small kingdoms and states chthonian the framework of the Holy Roman Empire. Thus we can say at this time the whole of Europe was divided into small states and kingdoms. By late 18th century France was in disarray due to the unstinting expenditure of the Royal House. The situation was worsened when people of Paris revolted and in the late 18 century (1792) monarchy was abolished in France.ReferenceV. H. H. Green Edward Arnold, Renaissance and Reformation A Survey of European chronicle betwixt 1450 and 1660. London 1952.Lectures on Early Modern European History. The History Guide. 11 Dec 2006 http//www.historyguide.org/earlymod/earlymod.html.Oscar Halecki, A History of East Central Europe. 11 Dec 2006 http//historicaltextarchive.com/books.php?op=viewbookbookid=1.

Critically evaluate the claim that culture is best understood as a system of symbolic classification Essay Example for Free

Critically evaluate the claim that culture is best soundless as a system of symbolic classification EssayIntroduction This essay will centralise on evaluating the claim that culture is perfectly understood as a symbolic classification system. gloss can be defined as cumulative deposit of beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, values, experience, roles, meanings, spatial relations, hierarchies, notions of time, possessions and material objects obtained by a meeting of soulfulnesss in the course of the generations through and through group and individualist thriving. Culture involves patterns implicit and explicit, for and of behavior obtained and conveyed through symbols, representing the unique achievement of the human race groups, comprising of their personifications in artifacts the fundamental core of culture include the traditional ideas and peculiarly their emotionally involved values culture systems on the other hand may be deemed as growths of action. A symbol ref ers to any object, usually material, meant to stand for another, even though there is no probative relationship. Typically culture is founded on a shargond set of meanings and symbols. Symbolic culture allows human conversation and therefore must be taught. The symbolic culture is more adaptable and malleable than biological evolution. human beings subconsciously and consciously, strive always in making logic of their surrounding world. Some symbols uni material body objects, words, gestures and signs attend individuals in understanding the world. Usually symbols offer clues in understanding the experiences. They usually extend familiar meanings which argon shargond by the societies. Uniform and badge held by police officers represent symbols of law or agency enforcement. When an officer is seen wearing a uniform or in a squad car enhances reassurance in man citizens, and anger, fear, or annoyance among others (Browne et al, 1990, p38-p42).The world has countless symbols. Com pany logos, traffic signs and sports uniforms are some of the symbols. A gold sign in some cultures symbolizes marriage. There are some symbols which are very useable for example, stop signs offers valuable instruction. They belong to the material culture since they are physical objects, however they function like symbols, in addition they pass on nonmaterial cultural meanings. Some of the symbols are wholly ministrant in what they mean. Gold medals, trophies and blue ribbons, for instance, provide no other function other than representing the accomplishments. However legion(predicate) objects have both nonmaterial and material symbolic value. Symbols are usually taken for granted easily. a few(prenominal) individuals challenge or even consider sticking the figure signs on the public bathrooms doors. However those figures signs are more than being mere symbols which informs women and men which bathrooms they are supposed to use. Also they uphold the value, in USA, that restroo ms ought to be gender exclusive. Even if stalls are comparatively private, most places do not offer bathrooms that are unisex (Hoijer, 1954, p. 14).Symbols frequently get recognized when use out of context. Symbols express strong messages and are used unconventionally. Even destruction of symbols is perceived to be symbolic. Effigies symbolizeing public figures are beaten so as to express anger at particular leaders. Crowds in 1989 tore down Berlin wall a symbols which decades-old of the division surrounded by West and East, capitalism and communism. While diverse cultures have several(predicate) systems of symbols however linguistic communication is common to all. vocabulary refers to a symbolic system by which individuals confabulation and through which the culture is spread. Various lectures include a system of symbols utilized for written communication, whereas others rely on nonverbal actions and spoken communication. Societies regularly share iodin language, and a lot of languages have the same fundamental components. An alphabet refers to a written system which is make of symbolic shapes which refer to sound which is spoken. These symbols taken together, express definite meanings. English alphabet employs a salmagundi of 26 letters in order to create words where these 26 letters create oer 600,000 English words which are recognized (Smith, 2001, p. 46).Case study 1 Additionally, through using language, individuals converse without using words. The communication which is nonverbal is symbolic, and, similar to the case of language, a lot of it is learned by the individuals culture. Various signals are almost universal crying regularly represents sadness and smiles frequently represent joy. Additional nonverbal symbols differ across the cultural backgrounds in their meaning. For instance, a thumbs-up symbol in the unify States shows positive support, while in Australia and Russia, it signifies an offensive curse. Various gestures differ in meaning depending with the individual and the situation. A symbol of waving the hand can represent numerous things, considering for whom it is done and how its done. It may signify no thank you, hello, or Im royalty, or goodbye. Winks express a range of messages, comprising of Im only kidding, or Im attracted to you, Or We have a secret. From a distance, an individual can comprehend the emotional idea of two individuals in conversation just through examining their facial nerve expressions and body language. Folded arms and Furrowed brows signify a serious topic, perhaps a disagreement. Smiles, with arms rude and heads lifted, imply a cheerful, friendly conversation (Durkheim, 2003, p. 41).Case study two Even though language is possibly the most apparent system of symbols that used in communication, numerous things we do express a symbolic meaning. For instance, of the way individuals dress and what it signifies to other individuals. The manner in which a person dress symbol ically communicates to other people if that individual care about academics or if he or she is a rooter of their schools football group, or it might converse that the individual is a fan of punk music or has adopted an anarchist philosophy. In various urban settings, the symbolic meaning of individuals clothes can signify gang connection. Other gang associates use these symbolic sartorial signs to identify allies or enemies. Anthropologists argues that, through their evolution course, individuals evolved a universal individual capacity to categorize experiences, as good as encoding and communicating them symbolically, like with language which is written. Due to the fact that symbolic systems were learned as well as being taught, they started developing independently of the biological evolution. Since this capacity for social learning and symbolic thinking is a human evolution product confuses older arguments regarding nurture versus nature. This view of culture shows that individ uals who live away from for each one other begin develops distinct cultures. Basics of different cultures, but, can spread easily from one group of individuals to another. Belief that culture is coded symbolically and can, consequently, can be taught from one individual to another, meaning that cultures can replace even if they are bounded. Culture is dynamic can be learned and taught, which makes it a rapid adaption form potentially to variations in the physical conditions. Anthropologists usually view culture both as supplement and product of the biological evolution culture can be perceived as the core means of human version to the world which is natural (Middleton, 2002, p.16).The above view of culture as symbolic system with the adaptative functions varying from one place to another, made the anthropologists to conceive of various cultures as described through different structures or patterns of continuing conventional meaning sets. These meanings took solid form in diversit y of artifacts like rituals and myths, tools, well as the planning of villages and the design of housing. Anthropologists differentiate between symbolic culture and material culture, not only since each signifies distinct types of human activity, however also because they comprise of different forms of data that necessitate different methodologies to study. The culture sociology relates to culture since it is evident in the society the ways of acting, the ways of thinking and the material objects that collectively shape the individuals way of life. In regard to Max Weber, the symbols are very prerequisite features of culture individuals employ symbols to convey their spirituality as well as the spiritual side of substantial events, and perfect interests are obtained from the symbols (Smith, 2001, p.21-24). In accordance with the sociologists, symbols composes one of the five essential basics of culture, the others being norms, values, language and beliefs. Symbolic anthropology p erceives culture as independent system of meaning decoded through interpreting the key rituals and symbols (Werness, 2000, p.37).In conclusion, it is evident that culture is as set of symbolic classifications, referred to as a group of symbols which can prearranged into a paradigmatic set, frequently hierarchical. These systems of classifications show a world view or tribal order. Languages are represent of the systems of classifications like grammars. Grammars classify number, person and time. Cultures consist of unconscious classifications which include relatives, plants, colors and animals.ReferencesBrowne, R. B., Fishwick, M. W., Browne, K. O. (1990). Dominant symbols in favorite culture. Bowling Green, Ohio Bowling Green State University Popular Press.Durkheim, E. (2003). Emile Durkheim sociologist of modernity. Malden, MA Blackwell Pub..Hoijer, H. (1954). Language in culture concourse on the interrelations of language and other aspects of culture. Chicago University of Chi cago Press.Middleton, J. (2002). Culture. Oxford, U.K. Capstone Pub..Smith, P. (2001). Cultural theory cn introduction. Malden, Mass. Blackwell .Werness, H. B. (2000). The Continuum encyclopedia of native art worldview, symbolism, and culture in Africa, Oceania, and native North America. New York Continuum.Source document

Shawshank Redemption Essay Example for Free

Shawshank Redemption EssayAnalysis of The Shawshank Redemption opus in that respect a great deal appears to be just a story line in a word-painting, some(prenominal) different techniques atomic number 18 utilise to give a deeper signification to the scenario. This is evident in the characterization, The Shawshank Redemption. The story begins when Andy Dufresne, a young unrighteousness president of a prestigious Portland, Maine bank, is wrong skillfuly convicted of killing his wife and her lover. He is then sent to jail where he learns lessons nearly life through his friends and starts part of a corrupt scheme to launder money. subsequently nineteen years Andy turn overs out of the prison house into exemption.While it appears simple on the come to the fore, through the use of legion(predicate) techniques such as title, colors, symmetry, names, numbers, symbols, irony, ledger references, and otherwises, The Shawshank Redemption gains a deeper meaning. The titl e, The Shawshank Redemption, initially has a saving appeal to it. Websters dictionary defines rubicundeem as to free from what distresses or harm (Webster 968). There is the initial sense of salvation for some(prenominal) Shawshank might be. However, this sense changes when it is discovered that Shawshank is a state prison in Maine. With this effledge the title is an oxymoron. How is it that a prison piece of tail provide redemption?The title gains its full meaning at the end of the movie. Andy Dufresne is deliver through his experience at the prison. He learns nigh life there, while teaching others. He is deliver through his second aspect at life later on his escape from the prison. In this sense he takes the Websters meaning of redeem, to extricate from or help to overcome something detri ami equal to(p) (Webster 968). A movie is controlled by ideas and techniques that ar engulfed in almost every aspect of the film. In The Shawshank Redemption, there be three main id eas and techniques that contri plainlye the film, being walls, lighting, and water.Both literal and metaphoric walls trap Andy. In the beginning, he is trapped by the figurative wall of losing his cheating wife. When he goes to prison, the prison walls trap him. Within Andys cell, the names of the previous inmates atomic number 18 carved into the walls. This acts as a reminder to Andy of his incarceration. It also gives him the idea of tunneling out, when he tries to carve his own name into the wall. The walls of the anile library are cracked and worn. This is similar to the mental state of many of the prisoners, especially Brooks. Originally the prisoners scorn the walls. Then they get used to them.Eventually they come to depend on the walls. Their lives in the prison become cracked and worn. At times these walls do provide strength. For example, Andy leans against the wall as he is talking about his dreams for Mexico. These walls give him the strength to go through with his plan to escape. Lighting plays an integral part to the deeper meaning of the movie by setting the atmosphere. There is extensive use of shadows, fadeouts, and partial sunlight to represent the cloudy mental and moral state of many of the characters. Shadows cover the majority of characters throughout the film.This is created by the fact that when the sun shines, it does so barely on one side of a character, usually their back. This alludes to the thought that these people consent the uprightness about them, yet are unable to truly see it. A mature portion of the movie occurs in the dark. Lights out at the prison is an extremely dark time when the characters are left with solitary(prenominal) their own thoughts. The nighttime death of Tommy Williams alludes to the desire to stay away from the truth. Hadley walks into the light after he commits the off to ground that he partially realizes the wrongdoing he has just committed.However, at the end of the movie there are no shadow s. As Red walks along the beach to Andy everything is seen as it really is. This is so figuratively and literally. Water provides the sense of purification. Andy escapes from Shawshank by crawling through a 500-yard sewage shout. At the end of the pipe he falls into a river that is overflowing with the rain. The river and rain act as purification not only physically, but mentally and spiritually. Andy is now truly free. Andy Dufresne, who crawled through a river of **** and came out clean on the other side (Glotzer). This act of water has redeemed him. The ocean at the end of the movie also acts as a purification symbol. Andys life by the ocean redeems him for the wrongdoings that he is forced to endure. When all three of these ideas are put unneurotic, they create a connected current throughout the movie that shows the deeper meaning in its full light. Although things may seem to happen at random, such as the choice of a name or the occurrence of a similar situation, these things have deeper meaning behind them. Names of characters and places can reveal things about them that nothing else can.For example the name Tommy Williams appears to be just a common, wholesome name. Yet, when you look at the individual meaning of each name it comes to mean a protector that is trying to struggle between good and evil. This meaning is an accurate description of Tommys character. Symmetry plays an important role in the deeper meaning of a story. equal things happen throughout the story that when seen upon completion shows a contrast. An example of this from the movie is freedom. In the beginning and in the end Andy is free. However, his states of freedom are very different.In the beginning Andy is involved in an unfaithful marriage. This imprisons him. Yet, at the end, Andy is completely free and capable of fulfilling his dreams. All of these seemingly minor things, when put together, aide the creation of the deeper meaning of the movie. The use of particular colours at bottom a scene, give that scene a deeper meaning. This technique is used throughout The Shawshank Redemption. The colour red plays an integral part to the movie. In the beginning scene, as the story of Andys campaign is being told, Andys wife is seen in a red enclothe while embraced by her lover.The red dress symbolizes the vitality of her life and the passion of her sins. The first real sense of bright color within the prison occurs when the prisoners do labour outside of the prison. They wear pants that are blue with a red saloon running down the leg. This shows the conflict between gluttonous desire for freedom and the reality that their lives are captive to behind the prison walls. The cigarette package that the Warden has before Tommys death is red and white. The red and the white together represent Tommys desire to tell the truth and the anger of Norton for trying to hide it.Warden Norton is wearing a red tie when he kills himself. This time the colour red signifies Nor tons p call up. He refuses to allow anyone else to control his fate. The stamp that approves Reds tidings is used with red ink. The red reinforces the idea of Reds new lease on life. Red hitches a ride to Buxton in an old red pickup truck. The truck brings him one step closer to fulfilling Andys dream of a new life for him and Red. The Trailways bus that Red takes to Texas has red detail on the side. This reinforces the trucks meaning. Andys boat is red and blue.This symbolizes the rob that Andy has for taking fate into his own hands and being redeemed for his false penalty. The rest of the movie consists of darker, blander colors. While in the prison mostly everything is gray or a dark shade of blue, from the uniforms to the building itself. This creates a dark atmosphere and a sense of hopelessness. It also attempts to take away from the individuality of the characters by borderline them into a uniform group. However, when blue appears in the ocean at the end of the movie, it is bright and vibrant. For this circumstance, blue bureau a fresh start at life.During all three of Reds parole hearings, the five members are white. On one hand, this shows the in arbitrator that Red is put through. On the other hand, the white can symbolize goodness, and the moral correctness that the parole board is supposed to represent and judge. White also appears in the end of the movie as Red walks across the white sand. In this situation it means justice, as in the justice that is served to Andy. There is gullible moss on the prison walls. This symbolizes Andys envy towards those who are free. After Red is released from prison, he plant at the Foodway, where he wears a green smock.He is envious of the fact that although he is no lifelong in prison, he is still not completely free. Red also buys a compass with green circumspectional letters to help him find the correct field. This shows that although he is going in the right direction to freedom, he is not quite there. Andy hides the tin box under a mysterious volcanic rock. The dense rock, like Andy to the other prisoners, is out of place in its bland surroundings. While black typically represents evil, this black represents the goodness of Andy. In the first scenes of Andy at Shawshank prison, Warden Norton informs the new prisoners of his rules.The first rule that he states is, no swearing (Glotzer). This proves to be ironic as Norton himself blasphemies everything he comes into contact with. He uses his coiffure of power to corrupt the prison system in order to benefit himself. Norton uses Andy to launder money that has been earned though shady deals. Norton is trusty for the deaths or the cover-ups of several of his inmates, such as Tommy Williams and Bogs Diamond. In the first meeting between the warden and the new prisoners, Norton also adds his dedication to discipline and the account book. He believes in ruling with a hard hand.The guards are allowed to beat the prisoners if they shade that it is necessary. Norton is also for the use of solitary confinement to punish his prisoners. He places Andy in the hole for two months after Andy calls him obtuse (Glotzer) for not helping Andy fight for a retrial, and then mentioning the laundering business. Norton proclaims that he believes in the bible yet he does not live by its ways. He gives each inmate their own bible in hopes that they too will be able to allow God to lead their way. There are several bible references made throughout the movie.The Warden quotes Mark 1335, Watch, therefore you do not know when the lord of the house is coming (Glotzer), to Andy during the cell toss-up. Using this quote allows Norton to appear powerful in his position as warden, yet also let Andy know that the purpose is to size Andy up. Andy retaliates back with John 812, Jesus spoke to them again, saying, I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life (Glotzer). Andy rea lizes that Norton is corrupt. He is challenging the warden by saying that the step to a moral life would be not following Norton.Norton ends this meeting by saying Salvation lies within (Glotzer). This is true for Andy. It is his inner strength and desire, to right the injustice that has occurred to him, that allows him to escape from Shawshank and get his life back. There is a cross-stitch, made by his wife, of the phrase, His judgment cometh and that Right Soon(Glotzer) covering the safe on the wall of Warden Nortons office. This is ironic due to the fact that the wrongdoings that are hid in that safe come out to punish Norton when Andy escapes. Norton is the one who receives punishment for the crimes he commits.This fact is only reinforced when Norton discovers Andys bible in the safe. On the inside of the cover Andy writes, well(p) Warden, you were right. Salvation lay within. Andy Dufresne (Glotzer). As Norton opens the bible to the book of hegira it is revealed that the bi ble had held Andys rock hammer. The book of Exodus lends itself to Andys own freeing of himself and the truth as Moses freed himself and the slaves. Minor items within a movie can have extra symbolic meanings. For example chess and rocks serve as a symbol of Andys meticulous and tenuous temper.This meaning is evident in the quote from Red, Old Andy loved geology. I imagine it appealed to his meticulous nature (Glotzer). Chess and his rock collecting gave Andy a sense of how his life used to be. This also happened through music. This chance at freedom is the reason Andy decided to play Mozarts Duettino SullAria over the loudspeakers. It was as if a beautiful razzing flapped into our drab little cage and made those walls dissolve away, and for the briefest moments everyman at Shawshank felt free (Glotzer). Music symbolizes freedom and hope for Andy.He gives a harmonica to Red as a parole rejection present to show that Red needs to keep the hope alive, and music can do that. Andys posters symbolize the hiding of the truth. On the surface the posters appear to be just pretty girls that no one would question. However, they cover a tunnel that Andy digs that allows him to escape. Another symbol that could go by easily unnoticed is the picture of the R. M. S. Queen bloody shame on the lid of the tin box. The RMS Queen Mary was launched on September 26, 1934 to symbolize the end of the worldwide depression. The ship has lasted through a world war and set the standard for liners.This ship in many ways is like Andy. His escape from Shawshank symbolizes the end to the long and unjust battle that he was forced to fight. He is also the beacon that Red looks to for an example of how to truly live. Another important symbol to the movie is the Mexican town of Zihautenejo. Zihautenejo is an old fisherman town on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. It is known for its beautiful beaches and serenity (Zihautenejo 1). The town symbolizes the life that Andy not only dreams of ha ving but deserves. There he will be able to live a quiet life full of simple pleasures that were kept from him.There he can be completely free. The movie The Shawshank Redemption uses many different techniques to convey a deeper meaning than the surface story. Upon closer analysis the viewer can see that tiny items such as colors, names, symbols, references, and others, can greatly contribute to full effect of the story. Through these techniques, the viewer is able to see the true character of Andy Dufresne and the wide-cut situation that he goes through. Form this the viewer receives a greater appreciation for the hardship that occurs throughout the movie. A deeper meaning is understood and therefore more can be taken from it.

Fall of House of Usher Essay Example for Free

Fall of House of Usher set aboutThe Fall of the House of Usher Psychological Criticism Psychological reproach is the school of literary reproach that focuses on the psychological issues affecting the characters behavior. Throughout this piece Poe uses setting, predilection, characterization, conflict, and symbols in order to portray the underlying kernel Physical disintegration of the House of Usher which parallels the condition of its inhabitants. Poe uses setting and mood in order to call the ultimate disintegration of the family manor.The narrator notices a barely perceptible fissure running down the calculate of the building. The detailed description highlights the stories theme and creates a mood of fear. When discussing use of characterization one must hear Roderick Usher, the central character of Poes gothic tale. Poe uses direct and indirect characterization techniques in order to efficaciously convey his point. Ushers anxiety is revealed through descriptions of his odd, disheveled appearance and mannerisms along with his rapid mood swings.The author describes the tone as overdone cordiality and by sullen quality. Also, when discussing the psychological criticism one must consider how Poes approach might lead the readers to see him as a hypochondriac. In addition to the given appearances of characterization there are numerous other descriptions that heighten essence of instability. The Fall of the House of Usher has a copious amount of metaphors and symbols. The narrator perceives the mansion as compassionate like with its vacant and eye-like windows.This specific metaphor is extended throughout the entire story, becoming much and more sinister in its deep implications. When describing the kinsperson, it serves as almost a symbolic prison for Usher and his child Madeline. Poe uses several descriptive words in his portrayal of the category. The readers first impression of the home base comes from a direct observation from the narrato r. This narrator states, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable soberness pervaded my spirit. As the narrator continues to describe the house he uses several similarly dismal adjectives. The gloom go through by the narrator is not limited to merely the house itself. The vegetation, which surrounds the area, is described as a some rank sedges and a few white trunks of decayed trees. He emphasizes these facets of the house and its environs by restating the descriptions reflected in a black and lurid tarn.While he claims that the house appears structurally sound, he takes era to comment upon the crumbling condition of the individual stones. He also emphasizes the long history of the house by stating that its features revoke an excessive antiquity. It is obvious therefore that Poe means for the building and the family to reflect one another. His use of parallel descriptions of the house and family, the mood that both convey and the intertwined fate of both lead the reader to the inescapable conclusion that the house and the Ushers are one.

Indianization Term Essay Example for Free

Indianization Term Es regulate head tea leafcher 1What does the term Indianization or sinicization refer to when employ to describe political sympathies administrations headed by invaders or foreign exponents? revel give at least 2 examples. These two terms refer to a general cultural assimilation of the foreign government. Over meter, occupying actors in chinaware and India became familiar with the local culture and began to blend in, appearing more and more as locals than foreigners. In the case of these two countries, this process led to locals being promoted to government positions that were initially reserved for the foreign or invading power. The nation gradually looks less and less alike(p) a conquered state, as more of its consume people are placed in positions of power and its populace regains greater self-determination. In India, this process was introduced by the British in the 1920s and was actually termed Indianisation. The British appointed Indians to fil l senior military ranks and government positions, and set up specific officers to handle this process in a deliberate manner. The example is by chance clearer in chinaware, where Kublai caravan inn fell in love with Chinese culture in his youth. In 1271, later on being Khan for 20 years, Kublai created the yuan dynasty which covered the area of china under Mongole chance. The Yuan dynasty was initially a Mongol administration and was p artifice of the Mongol empire, but with fourth dimension, successive getrs saw themselves as Chinese emperors rather than Mongol lords. The Yuan dynasty lost deflect over Mongol lands outside of China, and became a honest Chinese empire until conquered by the Ming dynasty in 1388 (Saunders, 2001). movement 2What phylogenys in Southern claim China resemble the industrial renewing of the West? Why were the emperors during the Song block so successful when their predecessors were non? The Song period was one of great growth and cultivati on in Chinas sedulousness and infrastructure. One of the macroscopicst factors of this was the introduction of paper money, principal to a normalized market economy. This was alike a time of development of cities, as irrelevant to the agrarian economy that had characterized earlier periods. Cities became centers of trade and industry, leading to the development of a merchant class akin(predicate) to the later Bourgeoise in Europe. Chinese industry grew along with the merchant class during the Song period. While finding exact numbers from the time period is difficult, Robert Hartwell notes that Chinese iron production lept six-fold from the early 800s to 1078, where he notes that Chinese iron production reached 125,000 tons (Hartwell, 1962), far beyond that of the western sandwich powers. This abundance of iron allowed China to manufacture tools, machinery, and trade goods. The result was that Chinas economy grew dramatically, leading to China surpassing Western Europe in per capita income during the Song dynasty (Maddison, 2006). Several factors contributed to the occurrence of this Chinese Industrial Revolution under the Song dynasty. One was the establishment of a civil bureaucracy as opposed to rule by warlords. This helped to encourage the development of trade and industry, as well as education, as commoners could get to these posts via t resemblingg the imperial examination. Another factor was technological innovation, marked by developments such as pulverization and movable type. Such social and technological innovation led to expanded opportunities for the peasant class and allowed numerous to migrate from farms to cities to pursue the newer career paths available to them. scruple 3What combination of Mongol attributes and Song weaknesses do the Mongol conquest successful? Please analyze it detail. The single largest factor leading to the successful Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty was the attitudes of each culture towards war. The Mongols were born and bred for it. Their culture glorified battle and conquest. The Mongol empire had been growe for centuries, winning victory after victory, which surely inspired fear and doubt in either army forced to stand against them. The Song were not pacifists by any means, but they were not warriors in the same vein as the Mongols. When they broke the Mongol alliance to recapture former lost cities, they were not prepared for the war they had unleashed. One study(ip) Song weakness was that the initial battlefields of the war were not approbatory positions to hold. Kaifeng, Luoynag, and Changan were already ruined by war. The Song strategy of defense also played into the Mongols hands, allowing the horsewarriors to choose the time and place of battles and ensure local passkeyity. This led to the Song being driven back, finally retreating to Guangdong and losing their leader, Emperor Gong, in the process. The Song dynasty was now left effectively leaderless. The two heirs were m ere children. Without a decisive and unattackable leader, just efforts at resistance were to prove futile. The final defeat of the Song at the Battle of Yamen in 1279 was near a foregone conclusion, as the demoralized and cornered Song were beaten soundly by Kublai Khans marine forces, leading to the death of the final Song emperor and the assimilation of Song lands.Question 4Why did Chinese culture become so popular and accepted in japan? What are the major differences and similarities between the Chinese and Nipponese culture. Many aspects of Chinese culture passed to Japan in the earlier centuries AD, when China was a more toss a trackd society and the Japanese eager to learn and advance themselves. This hunger for learning and improvement of their culture was the autochthonic factor that allowed Chinese cultural influence to filter Japanese society. When the two cultures first made contact Japan had no formal written lyric and adopted that of the Chinese, which would l ater be evolved to a similar but distinct written form. Japan also modelled its imperial bureaucracy after that of China, and the courts of the two nations ended up being very similar in the ranks and titles used. The largest form of cultural influence, though, was religion. Both Confucianism and Buddhism made strong inroads in Japan, which at the time had a practically less sophisticated form of religion. Both of the Chinese religions imparted practical knowledge about how to run a society and live ones daily life, and this proved attractive to the Japanese. This influence led to the development of Zen Buddhism and the famous Japanese samurai culture. With these similarities, differences between the two cultures remained. One of the strongest was the samurai culture, the code of Bushido. The Japanese samurai evolved to be a warrior caste, something which did not have a counterpart in China on nearly the same scale. As a result of this, Japan evolved to a more feudal society, with peasant- helots supporting the samurai nobility in a system of lesser warlords (daimyo) owing fealty to the imperial court (in reality, the Shogun). Chinese culture, especially in the Ming period, interact the peasantry more as independent landowners rather than as the lowest tier in the feudal machine.Question 5What impact did Buddhism have on the development of Japanese culture and lifestyles? Give examples in two art and literature where Buddhism was a major factor. Japanese Zen Buddhism infiltrated and permeated every aspect of Japanese culture, influencing the way they thought, governed, created, even loved and made war. The Japanese have long been famous for appearing reserved, for keeping feeling private. This is a very Buddhist trait coming from the teachings of the Middle Path, the path of moderation. Excess is frowned upon. Discipline and concentrate on are encouraged. Those two words have formed the foundation of Japanese lifestyles for centuries. The formalized ritua l of the tea ceremony also demonstrates Buddhist influences over such a simple thing as the crapulence of tea. The samurai give excellent examples of how Buddhism affected Japanese culture. The samurai were the ruling class, and as the elite, the commoners would seek to emulate them. The samurai were known for their unshakeable consignment to their duty, that of serving their daimyo, or leige. They paid particular emphasis to Samadhi, one of three branches of Buddhisms Noble multiple Path. The teachings of Samadhi emphasized right effort (continual self-improvement, via constant training at their disciplines), right mindfulness (awareness of ones surroundings, seeing the world clearly), and right concentration (self-awareness, accomplished via meditation and self-reflection). Buddhisms influences also spread into the art and literature of the period. The clearest example in art is in Japanese gardens and architecture. Japanese home plates were sparse and minimalist, rejecting lu xury in favor of the simple necessities, in which the Japanese took joy. Their gardens were designed and grown as places for tranquility, as places of meditation. Buddhist influence over literature is seen in such writings as An Account of My Hut by Chomei, an financial statement for a life of peaceful meditation and tranquility.Question 6How did a Japanese emperor differ from the Chinese emperor? Which would you consider more superior and why? The primary difference was in the power they wielded. Chinese emperors tended to wield far more power over their territory and ruling in a monarchial fashion. While more Chinese emperors were overthrown in the end by court intrigue, regicide, or revolution during their time on the throne a Chinese emperor was his nations absolute ruler. In constrast the Japanese emperors were more or lessly figureheads. Though viewed by the populace as a living god, in truth their power was very limited. For most of the last 1,000 years the real power in J apan was held by the Shogun, the primary warlord who had gained dominance over the others. Within that period were also many times of strife where Japan had no strong leader but was instead fragmented into many separate warring states, led by Daimyo. The emperor still reigned during these periods but had no power to stop the warfare. Chinese emperors fit more nigh with the western idea of monarchy, whereas Japanese emperors were described by European explorers as being more akin to the Pope a spiritual leader with little political clout, while the Shoguns were mentioned as being similar to the European monarchs (Howe, 1999). In absolute terms, Chinese emperors seem to be superior to Japanese by celibacy of the greater power they wield. Argument could be made that monarchial institutions have the inherent weakness of relying too some(prenominal) on one man who may or may not be qualified to rule (just look at the damage some of the Roman emperors such as Nero and Caligula caused), that is beyond the scope of this work. For the purposes of this discussion, I will argue that Chinese emperors were superior as the Japanese emperors were for the most part figureheads.Question 7What characteristics of the nomadic peoples made them barbaric to the civilizations of India and China? What characteristics of the nomadic peoples would you consider to be strengths? China and India viewed their nomadic neighbors as barbarians due to what was seen as an overall lack of civilization. Most of the nomadic cultures lacked such civilizing characteristics as a large and detailed government system, with most using a system that was very feudal in nature, chieftains owing fealty to greater warlords. They also lacked what were seen as other civilizing characteristics, such as advanced agriculture with humankind works projects like canals to support it. Another major factor was that of religion. China and India had very sophisticated spectral belief systems, as opposed to the less developed beliefs of the various nomadic groups around them. As has been seen end-to-end history in all parts of the world, religion is commonly used as a barometer to suppose the level of civilization of a culture, such as in Europe where Christians viewed non-Christians are barbarians.Based on this barometer, the Chinese and Indian cultures viewed others with simpler belief structures as not being as advanced spiritually and philosophically. Finally, many of the neighboring nomadic cultures had not developed a fully-functional form of written language, often borrowing from Chinese writing. And yet despite these disadvantages, nomadic cultures such as the Mongols would end up conquering the great school empires. Their active tribal lifestyle bred them as warriors, not farmers. Their lifestyle also led them to be superior horsemen, which proved yet another advantage in warfare. Their people were hardy, used to living without luxury, and well-suited to conducting long campaigns. These cultures that were disregard as barbaric would end up proving mightier than expected.Question 8When did the Mughal dynasty rule India. What achievements occurred during this dynasty? What led to the decline of Mughal rule in India? The Mughal dynasty began in 1504 when Babur of the Timurids conquered Kabul. His force was a Muslim army of Mongols and other more local peoples (such as Afghans and Persians). This and the following decades of consolidation of power with battles fought against smaller regional powers established the Mughal dynasty, and brought Islam to the front in the Indian subcontinent. Of note, though, is that the Mughals exercised a religious tolerance rarely seen in the time period. Though Islam was the primary religion throughout most of the dynasty, Hindus and other religions were rarely persecuted. The reign of Akar from 1556-1605 brought about the most dramatic change of all, with a policy of occupy attempts at reconciliation with Hindus, promoting the m to high government office and abolishing the poll tax on non-Muslims. Another major and lasting achievement of the Mughals was their architecture. They were renowned for massive construction projects, including large fortress-palaces such as the monstrous crimson Fort in Dehli. There is also the Taj Mahal, perhaps the most famous lasting architectural sample, make in Agra and completed in 1648. The decline of the Mughal empire was a long process. The reign of the last of the strong Mughal emperors, Aurangzeb from 1658 to 1707, saw the empire hold together but the decay had begun and his policies, while temporarily effective, added to the long-term problems. Wars demonstrate Mughal military might, but drained the treasury and new anti-Hindu policies led to resentment and rebellion at home and class struggle (Habib, 2001). This led the way to foreign invasion from the neighboring Marathas, Persians, and Afghans, eating away at the empire until the commonly accepted date of the em pires final ruler Bahadur Shah Zafar who was exiled in 1857.Question 9Ironically, while Europeans later fought wars over control of the sea routes in the Asian region, China dilapidated its dominant position. Why did the Ming court decide to end the maritime voyages of Zheng He just as China reached domination of the Asian seas? Was this a poor decision or one that strengthened China? Please explain. There were multiple factors that seem to be present in the Mings decision to suspend Zheng Hes voyages. Zheng He did most of his exploring during the time of the Yongle Emperor, and when he died in 1424 his successors seemed to view Zheng Hes growth influence at court as a threat. Curbing his travels that made him famous would be a good way to reduce his influence. Cost was also a major factor, as China became entangled in conflict with its Mongolian neighbors to the north. Having been once conquered by the Mongolians, the Ming court took this threat very seriously, and devoted every effort to protecting their borders and resisting the Mongols. Zheng Hes expedition fleet was massive, and the cost of the journeys was thus immense, as he went as an emissary and explorer rather than a trader. His journeys did not result in wealth burbly into Chinese coffers as did that of the European explorers from the colonies they founded and trade routes they started. The Ming needed their resources to fight the Mongols, and thus cut back in other areas, such as these naval expeditions in order to meet the Mongol threat. It is difficult to say whether this was a wise decision or not in retrospect. The money saved on naval excursions surely assisted the Ming in their mostly successful efforts to resist the Mongols, culminating in the expansion of the Great environ of China. Perhaps if Zheng Hes costly voyages had continued, the resources would not have been available to hold off the Mongols. And yet there was a cost, which is that when the European nations began arriving in fo rce, the Chinese were not able to resist them. Overall I would say the decision was wise, in facing the immediate threat rather than a potential and weak future threat that might never materialize.Question 10Who founded the Ming Dynasty and what were main characteristics of rule during this period? What were the major achievements of the Ming Dynasty? What is meant by saying that the sprouts of capitalism can be found in the Ming Dynasty? The Ming dynasty was founded in 1368 by Zhu Yuanzhang, a man of peasant birth and monastery education who was one of the leaders of a series of revolts that destroyed the Yuan dynasty. Upon ascending to the position of emperor, he took the name Hongwu. Some major traits of Ming rule were favor given to the poor, a strong military, a strong internal focus, and the replacement of the prime minister post with that of the Grand secretary. The Ming period was a good one for the peasantry. Hongwu seemed to favor the poor, and gave land to peasants to fa rm. Peasants who moved to and farmed unused land could claim it as their own and be free from taxation on it. This led to an agricultural class much like that to be found later in America, with free citizens owning and cultivating land rather than a feudal serf system. The early Ming favored agriculture over trade, and would eventually forbid oceangoing trade ships from leaving China. patronage this, trade flourished due to other factors, such as the introduction of silver to the economy which established coin and limited barter. Another major achievement of the Ming dynasty was its refinement of the Chinese legal code. The laws were designed to be fine and understandable, so that they could not be taken advantage of by the upper class. Capitalism in China flourished during the Ming period. The empire was stable politically, the lower class more prosperous than ever before. Owning their own land meant that they received the benefits from their work rather than owing most of the f ruits of their labor to a leige. This was the beginning of a free market, and feature with increased trade, Chinese citizens were rewarded for their hard work and this encouraged them to do well.BibliographyHabib, I. (2001). The Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1526-1707. Oxford Oxford University Press.Hartwell, R. (1962). A Revolution in the Chinese Iron and Coal Industries During the Northern Sung, 960-1126 A.D. The Journal of Asian Studies , 21 (2), pp. 153-162.Howe, C. (1999). The Origins of Japanese heap Supremacy. Development and Technology in Asia from 1540 to the Pacific War. Chicago The University of Chicago Press.Maddison, A. (2006). The World Economy Volume 1 A Millennial Perspective and Volume 2 Historical Statistics. Paris Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Saunders, J. J. (2001). bill of the Mongol Conquests. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press.